Acid Reflux (GERD)

What is Acid Reflux (GERD)?

Acid reflux, also known as GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease), is a condition where stomach acid flows back into the food pipe (oesophagus). This can cause irritation, discomfort and a burning feeling in the chest, often referred to as heartburn. GERD is a more severe and long-term form of acid reflux.

Why is Acid Reflux (GERD) a problem?

Acid reflux and GERD can cause various problems, including:

  • Frequent heartburn or chest pain
  • Regurgitation of food or sour liquid in the mouth
  • Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)
  • Coughing, wheezing, or sore throat

If left untreated, GERD can lead to more serious complications like damage to the oesophagus, ulcers, or even an increased risk of oesophageal cancer.

What causes Acid Reflux (GERD)?

Acid reflux occurs when the muscle at the bottom of the oesophagus (called the lower oesophageal sphincter or LES) weakens or relaxes inappropriately, allowing stomach acid to escape into the oesophagus. Common causes of GERD include:

  • Overeating or eating large meals
  • Obesity
  • Pregnancy
  • Smoking
  • Certain medications
  • Dietary factors, such as spicy or fatty foods, chocolate, caffeine and alcohol

What are the symptoms of Acid Reflux (GERD)?

Common symptoms of GERD include:

  • A burning sensation in the chest (heartburn)
  • Acid or bitter taste in the mouth (regurgitation)
  • Chronic cough, sore throat, or hoarseness
  • Feeling like food is stuck in the throat or difficulty swallowing
  • Excessive burping or bloating

Symptoms may worsen after meals, when lying down, or at night.

How is Acid Reflux (GERD) diagnosed?

A doctor will diagnose GERD based on your symptoms and may conduct further tests, such as:

  • Endoscopy – to examine the oesophagus and check for damage
  • pH monitoring – to measure the amount of acid in the oesophagus
  • Manometry – to check how well the oesophageal muscles work

In some cases, lifestyle and diet changes are enough to manage GERD without further medical tests.

How can Acid Reflux (GERD) be treated?

Treatment for GERD can involve lifestyle changes, medications, or surgery:

  • Lifestyle changes – like eating smaller meals, avoiding trigger foods, losing weight, and not lying down immediately after eating.
  • Medications – such as antacids, H2 blockers, or proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) to reduce stomach acid.
  • Surgery – in severe cases, surgery may be needed to strengthen the LES and prevent acid reflux.

Always consult a healthcare provider to determine the best treatment plan for your situation.

Can Acid Reflux (GERD) be prevented?

While GERD may not be entirely preventable, certain lifestyle changes can reduce your risk:

  • Eat smaller, more frequent meals
  • Maintain a healthy weight
  • Avoid known triggers such as spicy or fatty foods, caffeine, and alcohol
  • Don’t smoke
  • Avoid eating late at night before going to sleep
  • Don't lay down or sleep soon after eating
  • Always use a pillow while sleeping
  • Avoid using a tight corset or belt

Making these changes can help manage symptoms and reduce the frequency of acid reflux.

Key Takeaways from a Nutritionist

  • GERD (Acid Reflux) occurs when stomach acid backs up into the oesophagus, causing discomfort and potential long-term health issues.
  • Managing GERD typically involves a combination of lifestyle changes, dietary adjustments and medication.
  • Common triggers for GERD include overeating, obesity, smoking, and specific foods like spicy, fatty, or acidic foods.
  • Maintaining a healthy weight and avoiding trigger foods can help manage and prevent GERD symptoms.