Acne

What is Acne?

Acne is a common skin condition that occurs when hair follicles become clogged with oil, dead skin cells and bacteria. This leads to pimples, blackheads and cysts, most often on the face, back, chest and shoulders. Acne is most commonly seen during puberty, but it can affect people of all ages.

Why does Acne happen?

Acne happens when the skin’s pores become blocked. This can be caused by:

• Excess oil production in the skin.
• Dead skin cells that do not shed properly, clogging the pores.
• Bacteria, particularly *Propionibacterium acnes*, which can cause inflammation.
• Hormonal changes, such as those during puberty, pregnancy, or menstruation.
• Certain medications or diet, such as consuming too much dairy or sugary foods.

When these factors combine, they create an ideal environment for acne to develop.

What are the types of Acne?

There are different types of acne, ranging from mild to severe:

• Blackheads – open pores filled with excess oil and dead skin cells that have turned black due to oxidation.
• Whiteheads – closed pores filled with oil and dead skin cells that create small, white bumps.
• Pimples – inflamed, red bumps that are often filled with pus.
• Cysts – large, painful lumps under the skin that can be filled with pus.

What causes Acne?

Acne is caused by a combination of factors:

• Hormones – An increase in hormones, such as during puberty or pregnancy, can trigger the sebaceous glands to produce more oil, leading to acne.
• Diet – High-glycemic foods (like white bread, sugary snacks, and soft drinks) and dairy products have been linked to worsening acne in some people.
• Stress – Stress can trigger hormone changes that lead to acne breakouts.
• Skin care products – Some skincare products can clog pores, especially those that are oily or greasy.

Acne can also be influenced by genetics, meaning that it can run in families.

How is Acne treated?

Acne can often be treated with a combination of methods:

• Topical treatments – creams or gels containing ingredients like benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, or retinoids.
• Oral medications – antibiotics or hormonal treatments (such as birth control) to reduce inflammation and oil production.
• Professional treatments – therapies such as chemical peels, laser therapy, or drainage of large cysts by a dermatologist.
• Home remedies – gentle skincare routines, avoiding picking at the skin, and using non-comedogenic products.

It’s important to avoid picking at acne, as this can lead to scarring.

How can I prevent Acne?

While acne cannot always be prevented, these steps can help reduce the risk of breakouts:

• Clean your face gently twice a day with a mild cleanser.
• Avoid touching your face or picking at blemishes.
• Use oil-free, non-comedogenic skincare and makeup products.
• Maintain a healthy diet and drink plenty of water.
• Manage stress through relaxation techniques like yoga or meditation.

Maintaining a healthy lifestyle can play a big part in controlling acne.

Key Takeaways from a Nutritionist

• Acne is caused by a combination of factors, including excess oil production, clogged pores, and bacteria.
• Hormonal changes, diet, and stress are common triggers of acne breakouts.
• Good skincare habits, a balanced diet, and stress management can help prevent and reduce acne.
• Treatment options vary, from over-the-counter products to prescription medications and professional treatments.