Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)

What is Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)?

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common vaginal infection caused by an imbalance in the naturally occurring bacteria in the vagina. Normally, ""good"" bacteria, like *Lactobacillus*, outnumber ""bad"" bacteria. In BV, there is an overgrowth of harmful bacteria, which can lead to symptoms like unusual vaginal discharge, a strong fishy odor, and irritation.

Why is Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) important?

Bacterial vaginosis is important because:

  • It can cause discomfort and disrupt a woman’s health, leading to symptoms like vaginal discharge and a foul odour.
  • If left untreated, BV can increase the risk of other infections, including sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
  • It may affect pregnancy outcomes, as BV has been linked to preterm birth and low birth weight.

BV is common but treatable, and early diagnosis can help prevent complications.

What causes Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)?

The exact cause of BV is not fully understood, but it occurs when there is an imbalance between the ""good"" and ""bad"" bacteria in the vagina. Factors that can increase the risk of developing BV include:

  • Having multiple sexual partners or new sexual partners.
  • Frequent douching, which can disturb the natural balance of bacteria.
  • Smoking, which affects the immune system and the vaginal environment.
  • Using certain hygiene products or antibiotics, which may disrupt bacterial balance.

How is Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) treated?

BV is typically treated with antibiotics prescribed by a healthcare provider. Common treatments include:

  • Oral antibiotics, such as metronidazole or clindamycin, which help eliminate the overgrowth of harmful bacteria.
  • Topical creams or gels that can be applied directly to the vaginal area.

It’s important to complete the full course of antibiotics even if symptoms improve, to ensure the infection is fully cleared. In some cases, BV may recur, and additional treatment may be needed.

How can I prevent Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)?

To reduce the risk of BV:

  • Practice safe sex by using condoms and limiting the number of sexual partners.
  • Avoid douching, as it can disrupt the natural balance of bacteria in the vagina.
  • Maintain good hygiene, but avoid harsh soaps or scented products that may irritate the vaginal area.
  • Quit smoking, as smoking is linked to an increased risk of BV.

A healthy lifestyle, including balanced hygiene and safe sex practices, can help prevent BV.

Key Takeaways from a Nutritionist

  • Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is an imbalance of bacteria in the vagina that can lead to discomfort and increase the risk of infections.
  • BV can be treated with antibiotics, but lifestyle changes such as safe sex practices and proper hygiene can help prevent it.
  • If symptoms persist or recur, consulting a healthcare provider is essential to manage BV and reduce complications.
  • Saturated fats can increase the risk of BV, and a diet rich in fibre can help prevent it.